8 Types Of Excavation Used In Construction
Whether you want to construct a commercial or a residential
building, roadways, bridges, or install pipes and underground utility lines,
the land needs to be inspected and prepared to ensure it provides a strong
foundation. Excavation is an important part of any construction project. The
process uses different tools and techniques to move soil, rock, and other
material to form a cavity and prepare the area for construction. Building
companies use several different types of excavation in construction. The type
of excavation used depends on the material used and the purpose.
Here are some types of
excavation in construction listed by material and purpose:
Excavation
by Material
Topsoil Excavation
As the name suggests, this type of excavation involves the removal
of the exposed or the topmost area of the earth’s surface. The excavation
method removes vegetation, soil, and any other decaying material that could
make the land unsuitable to bear structural loads.
Rock Excavation
This type of excavation is used to clear surfaces; like the
rocky surfaces that impede the building process. Rock excavation is highly
challenging as compared to the other types. This is because it cannot be done
without the use of special equipment and techniques like drilling or blasting
to remove the rock or clear a tough surface.
Muck Excavation
Muck, the combination of soil and water, is often undesirable
during construction and needs to be removed. Muck excavation is named after the
material being removed. The muck is either moved to another area or spread out
to dry.
Earth Excavation
To create a foundation for buildings and bridges or construct
drainage ditches various layers of earth need to be removed. Earth excavation
includes the removal of soil; the layer below the topsoil, for the purpose of
construction.
Excavation
by Purpose
Cut and Fill Excavation
Also known as stripping excavation, this type of excavation in
construction is used to clear large areas. The process involves the removal of
wide and shallow layers of topsoil, rocks, sand, and other unwanted materials.
The procedure may also include grading the land.
Trench Excavation
In this type of excavation the length of the excavated area
exceeds the depth. Trench excavation is typically used to bury service lines,
to install pipelines and sewer systems, or lay foundations. Shallow trenches of
less than 6m or deep trenches of more than 6m are done using this type of
excavation. The techniques used for this type is dependent on factors like the
purpose, ground conditions, number of obstructions, and so on.
Basement Excavation
Basement is typically the area below the ground level. This type
of excavation is used when the construction is to be done at least partially
below the ground level. Depending on the size of the property, this type of
excavation can be complicated.
Dredging
Sediment deposits can build up over time under water making
construction, as well as the passage, difficult. The process of dredging
involves excavating and removing sediments and debris from underwater to allow
boats and ships to pass easily and for other construction purposes.
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